The Incident of Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN) in Pediatric Age Group at King Fahad University Hospital in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Background: The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence and prognosis of PIGN in Eastern Province ofSaudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of all subjects who were diagnosedand got admitted with PIGN in King Fahd hospital, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, reviewed and approved byInstitutional Review Board at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Result: Fifteen subjects were identifiedwith PIGN during the study period (2009-2018). All subjects were Saudi. The mean age was 7.27 years and themajority were males (53.3%). Eleven subjects (73.3%) had recent history of URTI, eleven subjects (73.3%) hadhistory of gross hematuria, nine subjects (60%) had history of eye puffiness, thirteen subjects (86.7%) had edema,and eight subjects (53.3%) had a fever at presentation. BP was elevated in eleven subjects (73.3%). All subjects(100%) had microscopic hematuria, urine protein to creatinine ratio was elevated in twelve subjects (median 13),ASO titer was elevated in five subjects (62.5%), C3 was decreased in twelve subjects (80%), serum albumin waslow in 12 subjects (85.7%), and ANA, IgA and C4 were normal in all tested subjects. Renal biopsy was performedin two subjects and the results confirmed the diagnosis of PIGN. Conclusion: The incidence of PIGN in ourpediatric population at King Fahd University Hospital in the period from 2009-2018 was 3 cases per 100000which indicate that (PIGN) in pediatric age group in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia is as common as inthe developed countries.

Immunotherapeutic effect of spiramycin in experimental giardiasis

Giardiasis is a major global cause of water borne diarrheal disease, which contributes greatly to the burden of malnutrition and malabsorption especially in children. There is a great demand for a new effective therapeutic agent against giardiasis that can be used safely during pregnancy, lactation and in infants. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of spiramycin as well as its immunomodulatory mechanism of action in giardiasis had been investigated. 90 Swiss albino mice were used in this study and classified into 3 groups: GI: 40 mice infected with Giardia lamblia cysts, GII: 40 infected mice that received spiramycin treatment in a daily oral dose of 1000 IU/gm body weight for one week starting one week post infection and GIII: 10 control uninfected untreated mice. 20 mice from each infected group were sacrificed 2 weeks post infection [p.i.] and the remaining mice were sacrificed 4 weeks p.i. Mice of the control groups were sacrificed at one time. The antigiardial therapeutic efficacy of spiramycin was assessed 2 and 4 weeks p.i. by counting of Giardia cysts in stool of mice and studying the histopathological changes and disaccharidase activity in small intestine of mice of different groups. Significant reduction in cysts number shedded in stool of treated animals reached 95.73%. The histopathological changes were mild in all infected groups 2 weeks p.i., while 4 weeks p.i. There was also a significant increase in the number of IELs in treated groups denoting the stimulatory effect of spiramycin on lymphocytic proliferation. On studying the disaccharidase activity, there was significant increase in both sucrase and maltase activities in the treated groups as compared with the nontreated groups. The possible immunomodulatory mechanism of action of spiramycin was studied by measuring the local IgA deposition in small intestinal mucosa by PAP technique 4 weeks p.i. The levels of IgA in small intestine were higher in SP-treated group as compared with the non-treated group. The present results suggested that spiramycin has high efficacy as anti-giardial agent possibly by stimulation of local IgA production

Audit of Percutaneous Nephrostomy in Rabat Urological Centre

Objectives: To audit and compare the different techniques for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) and assess the indication of each. Methods: Between March 2009 and November 2009; the records of 27 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy were retrospectively reviewed. PCN procedures were performed under ultrasonography (US); computed tomography (CT) guidance or blindly according to the grade of hydronephrosis. Results: US guided PCN were done for 15; CT guided PCN for 10 and blindly PCN for two patients. Overall success rate was 25 (92.6). US guided PCN had success rate of 13 (86.6); CT guided PCN eight (80) while blindly PCN 2(100). The overall complications were minimal. Conclusions: The success of PCN procedures depend mainly on the degree of hydronephrosis and selection of the appropriate image guidance

Epidemiological trends of leprosy elimination in CLTRI rural field operation area, Tamil Nadu, India.

The analysis of computerized data of patients in our Rural Field Operation Area (Kunrathur Taluk, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu) from the start of MDT in 1986 has shown a decrease of leprosy prevalence from 275/10000 in 1986 to 0.7/10000 in 2005. Leprosy has been eliminated as a public health problem after 19 years of MDT implementation. Although the control programme was started in 1962, MDT implementation began only in 1986. The new case-detection rate has declined significantly from 27.3 in 1987 to 2.4/10000 in 2005 (y = -1.6x + 2325.1, p = < 0.05). The age-specific cumulative detection rates calculated showed highest case-detection at 10-14 years for total, 10-14 years for PB, 50-54 for MB, and 10-14 for both males and females. MB percentage was more among new cases in the last three years as compared to the initial three years, and this difference was found to be statistically significant, but there was no significant difference between the first three and the last three-year periods in child, male and disability rates (grade +/-2) among new cases. Thus, the declining trend in NCDR has not reflected any change in sex and age-groups of new cases. This analysis strengthens the hypothesis of sub-clinical cases possibly transmitting the disease and MB cases accruing after long incubation period.

Laparascopic management of ectopic pregnancy

The aim of this work was to evaluate laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy [EP] in comparison with laparotomy showing the relative results and postoperative future fertility performance and to show El-Sahel Teaching Hospital experience in the laparoscopic management of EP upon 20 cases giving guidelines for the management of EP in patients desiring future fertility. It was concluded that the early detection of EP in high risk cases and its subsequent laparoscopic management was the cornerstone for preventing its complications and reservation of future fertility as much as possible

Tibial torsion in osteoarthrosis of the knee joint

The incidence, direction and extent of tibial torsion in 311 patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee were studied [350 affected knees] using a tropometer. The control group consisted of 200 individuals [400 tibiae] of different ages, not suffering from osteoarthrosis. The tibiae of the first group on the nonaffected side were also measured and compared with the diseased and control subjects. In the control group there was no subjects with internal tibial torsion, zero torsion was present in 0.5% and all the remaining tibiae showed external tibial torsion [99.5%]. The range of external tibial torsion in them was 1-40, average 26.2. In the non-osteoarthrotic side in patients there was tibial internal torsion of 1- 20, average 9.2 in 17.7%, and external torsion of 1 to 29, average 19.9 in 78%, and zero torsion in 4.3%. In the non-osteoarthrotic side in patients there was zero torsion in 1.1%, external tibial torsion of 3 - 30, average 23.1 in 98.9%, and no tibiae with internal tibial torsion. It is concluded that internal tibial torsion is closely connected with osteoarthrosis of the knee joint, particularly when the medial compartment is affected, as a cause or as a result, most probably as an aetiological factor

Chronic sinusitis and bronchial asthma

35 asthmatic patients and 35 healthy individuals were chosen for this study. All cases were subjected for detailed history, E.N.T. and chest examination and X-ray of the paranasal sinuses. Pulmonary function tests [F.V.C., F.E.V. and [F.E.V./F.V.C.]%] were done for adult cases. Chronic sinusitis was found in 28.3% of asthmatic patients and radiological changes were seen in 68.5% of asthmatic cases. Pulmonary founction tests showed that chronic sinusitis has no effect on the pulmonary function of the asthmatic patients

De Quervain's disease: a plea for early treatment

This paper presented the results of treatment in 109 patients with 113 wrists affected. They were divided randomly into two groups: Group A [59 patients with 62 wrists treated surgically by slitting of the roof of the first dorsal compartment] and group B [50 patients with 51 wrists treated conservatively with local cortisone injection]. The average age was 37.8 years. Most of the patients were housewives and the duration of symptoms varied from one week to more than one year with an average of 2.6 months. Conservative method gave satisfactory results only in early cases, while surgical slitting was the best, especially in late cases with long standing symptoms. Diabetic patients, patients with high sedimentation rate, patients with latex test positive, and patients with longer duration of symptoms gave less satisfactory results and this was found statistically significant